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When an animal experiences chronic stress—due to isolation, lack of species-specific enrichment, or social conflict—its body floods with cortisol. Chronically elevated cortisol suppresses the immune system, disrupts digestion, and alters brain chemistry.
But over the last fifteen years, a quiet revolution has taken place in clinics and research hospitals around the world. The stethoscope is still crucial, but the gaze of the modern veterinarian has shifted. They are no longer just looking at the teeth and the coat; they are looking at the gesture , the stare , and the withdrawal .
Standard veterinary science (the physical exam) found nothing. But behavioral veterinary science asked a different question: What is the motivation?